AC/DC Module
AC/DC Module
Per la modellazione computazionale dell'elettromagnetismo
COIL MODELING: The model shows a 50-Hz AC coil wound around a ferromagnetic core. The complex coil winding geometry can be easily modeled using a multiturn coil feature. Visualization shows the magnetic flux density (arrow plot) and the magnetic flux density norm on the ferromagnetic core.
Modellazione di condensatori, induttori, isolatori, bobine, motori e sensori
L'AC/DC Module è usato per simulare i campi elettrici, magnetici ed elettromagnetici in applicazioni statiche e a bassa frequenza. Le applicazioni tipiche includono: condensatori, induttori, isolatori, bobine, motori, attuatori e sensori, con strumenti dedicati per l'estrazione di parametri quali resistenza, capacitanza, induttanza, impedenza, forza e momento torcente.
I materiali e le relazioni costitutive sono definiti attraverso le proprietà di permittività, permeabilità, conducibilità e campo residuo. Le proprietà del materiale possono essere spazialmente variabili, dipendenti dal tempo, anisotrope e possono prevedere perdite. I campi elettrici e magnetici possono includere non linearità come curve B-H o possono anche essere descritte mediante equazioni a postulati impliciti.
Condizioni al contorno ed elementi infiniti
L'AC/DC Module offre una serie di condizioni al contorno essenziali, ad esempio potenziale elettrico e magnetico, isolamento elettrico e magnetico, carica nulla e valori di campo e corrente. Include inoltre diverse condizioni al contorno avanzate, quali condizioni terminali per il collegamento a circuiti SPICE, potenziali flottanti, condizioni di simmetria e periodicità, impedenza di superficie, correnti di superficie, resistenza distribuita, capacitanza, impedenza e resistenza di contatto. Sono disponibili elementi infiniti sia per campi elettrici che magnetici per modellare domini non vincolati o di grandi dimensioni. Le equazioni di campo vengono scalate automaticamente aggiungendo un livello di elementi infiniti all'esterno di un dominio di modellazione di grandezza finita. In tal modo è possibile rappresentare un dominio infinito con un modello di grandezza finita ed evitare gli effetti di troncamento artificiale dai contorni del modello.
Altre immagini:
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MOTOR/GENERATOR: These results show a 3D static analysis of the magnetic fields around a rotor and stator. Permanent magnets and nonlinear magnetic materials are included, and material nonlinearity is modeled via an interpolation function. -
POWER INDUCTOR: The single-turn coil feature is used to capture the skin effect in the wire, since the skin depth in this coil is comparable to the thickness of the current-carrying wires at the operating frequency. This model shows how to compute both the DC and AC properties of an inductor as well as the admittance and inductance.
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PERMANENT MAGNET: This introductory example for magnetic field modeling describes a typical horseshoe magnet and iron bar, where the Symmetry condition is used to reduce the problem size. The magnetic fields and forces are computed.
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MAGNETIC DAMPING: This model simulates structural damping on a conducting solid that is vibrating in a static magnetic field. It computes the effect when a cantilever beam is harmonically excited and placed in a strong magnetic field.
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MAGNETIC PROSPECTING: Underground iron ore deposits result in magnetic anomalies. This model computes the disturbances in the background magnetic field of the earth due to the presence of an ore deposit. The Reduced Field formulation solves for small perturbations in the background field.
Combinare circuiti e layout con simulazioni 2D e 3D
Quando si considerano le componenti elettriche come parte di un sistema più ampio, l'AC/DC Module offre un'interfaccia con SPICE e permette facilmente di scegliere gli elementi circuitali da modellare. È anche possibile sfruttare modelli di sistemi più complessi con la modellazione basata su circuiti, senza compromettere il legame con i modelli di campo intero dei dispositivi principali del circuito. Ciò permette da un lato di introdurre innovazioni nel progetto e dall'altro di ottimizzarlo. I layout elettronici possono essere importati a scopo di analisi nell'AC/DC Module tramite l'ECAD Import Module. La simulazione di questi layout non si limita all'elettromagnetismo ma può considerare anche altre fisiche.
Collegarsi ad un CAD, MATLAB® ed Excel®
Al fine di agevolare l'analisi del comportamento in ambito elettromagnetico di geometrie complesse derivate da disegni CAD, COMSOL offre come parte della suite di prodotti l'ECAD Import Module, il CAD Import Module e i prodotti LiveLink™ per i principali sistemi CAD. I prodotti LiveLink assicurano l'integrità del modello CAD parametrico nel proprio ambiente nativo, e tuttavia consentono la manipolazione delle quote geometriche all'interno di COMSOL Multiphysics®, così come la generazione di analisi parametriche simultanee comprendenti diversi parametri del modello. Per operazioni di modellazione ripetitive, LiveLink™ for MATLAB® consente di eseguire simulazioni COMSOL® con script o funzioni di MATLAB®. Qualsiasi operazione disponibile in COMSOL Desktop® è anche accessibile tramite i comandi MATLAB. Inoltre, si possono unire i comandi COMSOL al codice MATLAB esistente nell'ambiente MATLAB. Per le simulazioni elettromagnetiche avviate da fogli di calcolo, LiveLink™ for Excel® è una comoda alternativa alla modellazione da COMSOL Desktop, poiché consente di sincronizzare i dati del foglio di calcolo ai parametri definiti nell'ambiente COMSOL.
Database di Materiali Magnetici Non-Lineari
Nell'AC/DC Module è incluso un database di 165 materiali ferromagnetici e ferrimagnetici. Questo databse contiene curve BH e curve HB che permettono di valutare le proprietà del materiale nelle formulazioni di campo magnetico. I dati delle curve sono stati ottenuti con elevati campionamenti in modo da eleiminare effetti di isteresi. Esternamente all'intervallo dei dati sperimentali viene utilizzata un'estrapolazione lineare per massimizzare la stabilità numerica.
Prendete in considerazione la multifisica nei vostri progetti
Anche i dispositivi per i quali la fisica principale è l'elettromagnetismo vengono influenzati da altri tipi di fisica. Ad esempio, gli effetti termici possono alterare le proprietà elettriche di un materiale, mentre nella progettazione di un generatore è necessario conoscere a fondo gli effetti degli spostamenti elettromeccanici e delle vibrazioni. L'AC/DC Module, essendo completamente integrato nell'ambiente COMSOL, consente di applicare a un modello virtuale una vasta gamma di effetti fisici che lo possono interessare.
Gusci elettromagnetici
Per strutture molto sottili, l'AC/DC Module offre una serie di formulazioni specializzate per eseguire simulazioni elettromagnetiche efficienti laddove lo spessore delle strutture non debba essere rappresentato come spessore fisico nel modello geometrico ma possa essere rappresentato con un guscio. Le formulazioni di guscio sottile sono disponibili per simulazioni di correnti continue, elettrostatiche, magnetostatiche e di induzione e sono particolarmente importanti per la schermatura elettromagnetica in applicazioni che tengono conto delle interferenze elettromagnetiche (EMI) e della compatibilità elettromagnetica (EMC).
Flusso di lavoro coerente per la modellazione in campo elettromagnetico
L'intuitivo flusso di lavoro per il modulo si riassume nei passaggi seguenti: definizione della geometria, selezione dei materiali, selezione di un'interfaccia AC/DC adatta, definizione delle condizioni iniziali e al contorno, creazione anche in modo automatico della mesh agli elementi finiti, risoluzione e visualizzazione dei risultati. Tutti questi passaggi sono percorribili tramite COMSOL Desktop®. Le simulazioni con l'AC/DC Module possono essere collegate a qualsiasi prodotto COMSOL grazie a una suite di accoppiamenti multifisici preimpostati o tramite accoppiamenti definiti dall'utente. Quello tra l'AC/DC Module e il Particle Tracing Module è un tipico accoppiamento preimpostato in cui i campi elettrici o magnetici interessano le particelle cariche che possono essere definite come aventi o non aventi massa. L'Optimization Module può essere combinato con l'AC/DC Module per l'ottimizzazione in base a tensione e corrente di eccitazione, proprietà dei materiali, quote geometriche e altri parametri.
Flessibile e robusto
L'AC/DC Module permette di analizzare campi elettrici e magnetici di tipo stazionario e dinamico, sia in 2D che in 3D. L'AC/DC Module formula e risolve le equazioni di Maxwell alla luce delle proprietà del materiale e delle condizioni al contorno. Le equazioni vengono risolte sulla base del metodo agli Elementi Finiti con discretizzazione numericamente stabile degli elementi al bordo unitamente a solutori d'avanguardia. Le diverse formulazioni accettano simulazioni di tipo statico, nel dominio della frequenza e nel dominio temporale. I risultati sono presentati nella finestra grafica sotto forma di grafici preimpostati dei campi elettrici e magnetici, di correnti e tensioni o come espressioni delle quantità fisiche definibili liberamente, ma anche come quantità tabulate derivate.
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