Level set variable no longer maintaining values between 0 and 1 after ~3 s

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Hello,

I am using the Two-Phase Flow, Level Set approach in COMSOL for a transient simulation. The model converges successfully until the end of the simulation time. However, after approximately 3 s, the level set variable no longer maintains the expected values close to 0 and 1.

In particular, the maximum value of the level set variable gradually decreases to around 0.7–0.6, instead of remaining close to 1.

Initially, I suspected that this was related to the mesh, so I refined the mesh, but the problem still persisted. I also adjusted the parameter controlling interface thickness and the reinitialization parameter. These changes improved the behavior to some extent, but did not completely resolve the issue.

Has anyone experienced a similar problem with the Level Set method? I would appreciate any suggestions regarding mesh resolution, reinitialization, interface thickness, solver settings, or any other parameters that may help maintain the level set variable closer to its expected range.

Thanks in advance.


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