Optimization Solver failure due to segregated step residual issue during heat transfer and topology optimization in evaporative cooling microchannel

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Hello, I am currently conducting a topology optimization study in COMSOL Multiphysics (v6.1) involving evaporative cooling using PDMS-based microchannels embedded in the backside of a solar panel. The goal is to optimize the internal cooling channel design using evaporative heat transfer effects in microchannels.

I have defined the following:

A volumetric heat source in the domain: Q=1,000,000W/m^3

A boundary heat source at pore boundaries: Q=-458336*(theta - 1)

Heat flux boundary condition on the outer surface: h = 5 W/m²·K, thickness 10 mm

Laminar flow is defined with:

Inlet pressure: Uin Outlet pressure: 0 Pa

Objective function for optimization: comp1.obj_T

Parameters and variables were entered as values for PDMS and water, and the heat-related parts were entered according to the sun's illumination.

But I keep getting this error - Feature: Optimization Solver 1 (sol1/o1) Failed to find a solution. Maximum number of segregated iterations reached. Returned solution is not converged. Not all parameter steps returned.

What should I do please help me



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