Modeling 3-phase Toluene (LNAPL) transport and biodegradation across vadose and saturated zones: Physics interface selection

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Hi everyone,

I am developing a model to simulate 3-phase Toluene (LNAPL) transport and natural attenuation—including volatilization and Monod-based biodegradation—across both vadose and saturated zones.

Which physics interfaces should I use to best capture this process? Specifically, is it better to couple "Multiphase Flow in Porous Media" with "Transport of Diluted Species in Porous Media", or is there a more numerically efficient approach to handle the air-water-oil distribution and phase-specific reaction kinetics?

I am particularly concerned with correctly representing the capillary fringe and the transition of toluene from a separate liquid phase to dissolved and gaseous phases. Any advice or relevant examples from the Application Gallery would be greatly appreciated.


0 Replies Last Post 19 mar 2026, 09:06 GMT-4
COMSOL Moderator

Hello Jie Li

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